American Schools Need Essentialism Essay -- Education Teaching Essays

American Schools Need Essentialism There are five main philosophies that describe education: Essentialism (the back-to-basics approach which strives to teach students the essentials), Progressivism (which stresses individuality), Perennialism (which is the teaching of philosophies that have been around for hundreds of years), Existentialism (which give the students the choice of when to study and when not to), and Behaviorism (which lets teachers use reinforcement to achieve the desired behaviors which need to be used in the class room). Essentialism was the main philosophy used in earlier classrooms, and should be adopted back into the classrooms of today. If essentialism is going to be brought back into the classroom many changes are needed. The students’ curricula of today’s schools have too many classes that stray students away from the basic subjects. Another point of today’s schools is that there is too much acceptance for absences, tardiness, and misbehavior. Students feel like the school is their personal playground and there is nothing the teachers can do about it...

Richard and the Battle of Bosworth Essay

On 22nd August 1485, King Richard III lost the Battle of Bosworth to Henry Tudor. One of the main reasons for him losing was due to his unpopularity with the people and his nobles. Richard was disliked by many of his nobles because he gave power to nobles from the north, which he knew, annoying the nobility in the south of England. This meant that in the battle he had little support, and some of his nobles, such as the Stanley’s fought for Henry. Richard was also disliked by the people of England. He seized the crown in 1483, and rumours spread that he killed his two nephews. This made him disliked, and few people supported him. Another reason Richard lost the Battle of Bosworth was because of the Stanley’s changing sides. The Stanley’s controlled around 6000 of Richards troops, around half of his overall army. Although the Stanley’s began the battle on the side of Richard, they changed during the battle. This meant that Richard has far fewer troops than he may have anticipated, and had the Stanley’s not changed sides, it is possible that Richard would have won. Many of Richards other nobles were also unreliable, such as Northumberland. He did not help Richard when he needed it, refusing to bring in Richards reserves, and eventually surrendering, giving Henry an advantage over Richard, helping him to win. Another reason Richard lost was because of the support Henry had from the King of France. In 1485, the King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France, so he gave Henry an army to invade England. When Henry landed in Wales with these extra men, many people joined him on his march through Wales to Bosworth, increasing the size of his army greatly. Another factor leading to the defeat of Richard at the Battle of Bosworth was Richards’s hesitance on the battlefield. Richard did not take advantage by attacking Oxford whilst he was deploying his troops. This allowed Oxford to launch an attack on Norfolk, who was soon killed. Although Surrey takes command, Richard lost men fast. Richard was so hesitance because he was so unsure of his support. A final factor which lead to the defeat of Richard at the Battle of Bosworth was the growing mistrust for Richard. Many Yorkists became so unhappy with the situation in England that they looked elsewhere for help. Many of them turned to Henry, and supported him in training and creating an army for him to fight with. This support from people once loyal to Richard led to him losing the battle because he did not have enough people fight for him, as many people in England were behind Henry.

Maternal Mortality Rate Sierra Leone Health And Social Care Essay

Sierra Leone is an African state that is portion of the developing states of the universe. It is made up of 20 cultural groups. Among them are the Creole ( Krio ) group of which 10 % are posterities of freed Jamaican slaves, ( Quindex mundi Profile, 2010 ) . In their July 2009 estimates a population of more than five million, with a decease rate as 22.22 deceases /1,000. In footings of gender specific maternal mortality rate it is estimated to be 1 in 9 births, ( UNICEF ) , motivating Amnesty International to nickname it â€Å" a human rights exigency. † This means that for every nine female parents who give birth in Sierra Leone, one is expected to decease, specifying its Maternal mortality rate as reeling compared to the remainder of the universe and even some other developing states, ( UNICEF ) . The ICD 2007 of the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) defines maternal decease is any decease of a female parent during gestation and up to 42 yearss after birth. This province of personal businesss in Sierra Leone is of peculiar importance when examined against the Millennium Development Goals of bettering maternal wellness by 2015. Like every state of the universe, Sierra Leone has been concern with achieving the stipulated ends of the Millennium by 2015, but seems non to be able to accomplish it. This has chiefly to make with the fact that they are a underdeveloped state and as such are plagued with the same sort of challenges that the remainder of the developing states faces. The 5th MDG calls for the decrease of maternal mortality by 75 % 2015. It is thought, that critical to achieving this end is optimal direction of pregnant adult females during labor, ( Ronsmans, Elahi Chowdhury, Koblinskyc & A ; Ahmedb, 2010 ) . They further advised that this can merely be achieved by using skilled medical suppliers, particularly during the labour procedure and for the first 24 hours thenceforth. WHO estimates, that in surplus of 528,000 adult females die annually due to complications environing kid bearing and gestation. A figure of obstetric conditions have been named as the common causes. They include ; sepsis, obstructed labor, bleeding, eclampsia, complications of abortion and ruptured wombs. They go on to describe that cumulatively, bleeding is the cause of more than half the maternal deceases in sub-Saharan Africa accounting for more than one-third obstetric deceases worldwide. In Sierra Leone, bleeding was so a major cause, the primary predisposing factor being the culturally ineluctable pattern of venereal mutilation, where it was reported that 90 % of the adult females in Sierral Leone have some signifier of Female Genital Mutilation ( FGM ) , ( Bitong 2005 ) . The ensuing cicatrix, particularly from the more invasive signifier of FGM, infibulation, significantly compromises the birth canal, frequently bring forthing cryings in the walls of the vagina and besides in creasing the usage of episiotomy, surgical scratch into the walls of the vagina, in order to ease birth. Both processes predisposes to post-partum bleeding and decease, particularly in the absence of trained medical forces, as is most frequently the instance in Sierra Leone. In 1980s, a chief end of primary attention in Sierra Leone was to accomplish the decrease of maternal mortality to 30 % of the present statistic, ( Konteh World Health Forum, 1998 ) . They hoped to hold accomplished this by the stopping point of the century. Konteh notes that the mark was non reached and gives a figure of grounds for its failure. One of the grounds, he postulates was that intercession techniques employed, were non specific for the population. The â€Å" Human Services Practitioner † Systemic codification ( 2008 ) , stipulates that any intercession aimed at a population must be done with thorough cognition of the population to be served and technics specially to run into the demand of that population. The absence of that cultural specificity has been identified as the ground why many of the pregnant adult females refrained from utilizing the services that were made available. Even so, when some of the adult females attempted to utilize the clinics, they were me t with really aggressive and unfriendly nurses and other wellness attention forces, ( Konteh, 1998 ) . He besides noted that there was a really hapless prenatal history since most of the adult females refused to go to the prenatal clinics allow entirely the postpartum 1s. For this ground a female parent ‘s child birth history was mostly unknown and as such wellness attention professionals were unable to make put on the line stratification programs to efficaciously cover with any at hand complications. Notwithstanding, many bringings happened in places. In 1996, â€Å" about 69.5 % of bringings in the anterior 24 months occurred at place, 21.5 % were performed at a wellness Centre, and about 9 % occurred in the infirmary, † ( Konteh, 1997 ) . He cites that this was due chiefly to the fact that distant countries were normally non reached by maternal wellness Plutos. Those countries were preponderantly served by, traditional accoucheuses called â€Å" traditional parturit ion helpers † . Further to that, Konteh notes, these birth helpers were non good perceived among the wellness suppliers because their supplies, instruments and tools were unsterile and often the cause of infection frequently with fatal results. The Southern Cross of the affair is that Sierra Leone sees less than 50 % of its birth done by medical forces that are trained in labor, and even a smaller proportion of pregnant adult females of all time attend prenatal clinics, ( Wachuku, 1994 ) . The inevitable rise in mortality rate has led to international administrations like the Marie Stopes International ( MSI ) to get down work in Sierra Leone in an effort to extenuate the impact of the lifting maternal mortality rate in that state. Through its local non-governmental spouse, the â€Å" Marie Stopes Society, Sierra Leone † ( MSSSL ) , this administration in 1986 was involved in constructing five clinic across Sierra Leone. During their discourse what they found as another major cause of the blue maternal mortality rate had to make with beliefs that were steeped in societal and civilization patterns like venereal mutilation, authenticating the earlier study by the WHO, that venereal mutilation was holding important effe ct for the wellness of the female parent in childbearing. Those societal and cultural issues were considered to be a major obstruction to the effectual direction of labour exigencies. One illustration is the belief that labour enduring for more than 48 hours are non considered a complication of gestation, ( Wachuku, 1994 ) . In western medical specialty this is termed drawn-out labor and has built-in complications like obstructed labor, uterine rupture and bleeding, ( Collins, Arulkumaran, Hayes, Jackson & A ; Impey, 2008 ) . This is confounded by the belief that when complication occurs, it is frequently defined as a natural cause and non considered to be of an obstetric/medical beginning. The MSSSL further found that transit and deficiency of resources in the Centres impedes the bringing of exigency services when the demand arises. Konteh, ( 1997 ) composing in the community development diary, cites a figure of socioeconomic identifiers together with some wellness variables impacting maternal mortality rates in 12 chiefdoms in Sierra Leone. He foremost indicates that early matrimony was straight related to the high para, and went on to describe that more than 40 per centum ( 40 % ) of the married adult females did so by the clip they were 15 old ages old. He besides recorded that in the age group of 45- 90, approximately 85 % of them had six or more kids. He found the highest para of more than nine kids among 55.1 % of the adult females population, with even higher birthrate in some localized countries. Then effect of increased para include placenta previa, arrangement of the placenta excessively near to the neck, placenta abroptio, shed blooding between the placenta and the womb and hasty labor, highly fast labor, all of which increases the hazard of post-partum bleeding, ( Oxford Handbook of Obstetric and Gyn aecology 2009 ) . This is go oning against the back bead that the bulk of adult females have ne'er received primary instruction, a critical determiner of wellness, ( WHO, 2010 ) . Equally far as business is concerned 80 % -90 % of the population in the countries studied by ( Kendeh 1997 ) , were subsistence husbandmans who are hapless, another of import determiner of wellness as defined by the WHO. This is non so state that the authorities did non recognize and was non concerned with the rate at which maternal deceases were go oning. ( Kendeh, 1997 ) noted that the authorities recognised the demand to set in topographic point plans to extenuate the increasing mortality rate among pregnant and post-partum adult females. He found that the Government embarked upon developing community incentives to be competent in community instruction and formation of small town action groups, which was to ease emergent conveyance of adult females in labor who develop complications. In 1993 -1994 some betterment was seen but the Numberss rapidly dropped due to terrible break in service caused by civil discord, ( Kendeh et al. 1997 ) . From 1991, there has been old ages of political instability in Sierra Leone from the â€Å" Revolutionary United Front † ( RUT ) who overthrew the Government and was merely able to return to democratic regulation boulder clay 1998, ( Global security, 2005 ) . This did non give the authorities adequate clip to see the program that began bettering the maternal decease state of affairs come to fruition. Absorbing the foregoing information still begs some inquiries. What so is ground for the high maternal mortality rate in Sierra Leone, particularly since the chief cause of maternal mortality rate is non alone to Sierra Leone? What sets them apart from the other developing states that pattern FGM and have high incidence of post-partum bleeding? The reply lies in the apprehension that foremost, non merely does Sierra Leone pattern FGM, but they pattern the most extremist signifier of it, infibulation. Infibulation, classified as type III, involves the entire deletion of the external genital organ and the partial sewing of the vagina, go forthing merely a little mercantile establishment for menses ( Bitong, 2005 ) . It is the most utmost signifier of FGM and ninety four per centum 94 % of adult females in Sierra Leone are subjected to this signifier of FGM. This is go oning against the background that this pattern, while with a prevalence rate of 90 % , prevalence is highest in the rur al countries that have really small trained wellness attention forces or health care installations, and where most of the births are still done by the traditional birth helpers. As a consequence, though bleeding is the common cause of maternal mortality, in Sierra Leone, it more likely than non, to ensue in decease for the female parent. It is instead unfortunate that the blue maternal mortality rate in Sierra Leone will non demo important betterment, 0.1 % as stipulated by the WHO. One implicit in ground for the deficiency of betterment is the trouble that authorities faces to supply entree to wellness service and equip installations in distant countries. This is compounded by the job of FGM, which is so culturally deep-rooted, that attempts to turn to it hold been met with violent opposition. This means that to efficaciously pull off this unstable place, a paradigm displacement will hold to happen as it relates to gender mutilation, para, apprehension of what constitutes an obstetric exigency, handiness of trained wellness assistance with civilization sensitive attitudes and general betterments in entree to wellness attention. Obviously this will demand a many-sided attack by many stakeholders to stem the tide, every bit good as an injection of foreign assistance to assist run into the costs. This is the repeating quandary in so many developing states, so much to make with so small resources, a state of affairs that is confounded by political instability. Public wellness professionals will hold to go on to make what they have ever done – research, enlighten, give way and merely wait to see if the guidelines are heeded. Meanwhile, the hapless and vulnerable die day-to-day.

Blue Ocean Strategy and the Indian Education System

Blue Ocean Strategy and the Indian Education System Indias present economic standing – both in its limited successes and its myriad failures – is to a large extent a reflection of its education system. We take pride in the success of a few individuals who pass out from the elitist institutions in the country. The million others who have succumbed to the mediocrity of the education system are lost in the crowd. If we look at some of the statistics, we see that: Although there is 90% enrolment at the primary level, even after 5 years of schooling , students fail basic reading, writing and arithmetic skills. The dropout rate till students reach high school is about 90% Of the total number of students who complete graduation or post graduation, the percentage of students who are employable is quite dismal. Stark statistics reveal the oversupply of raw graduates and the undersupply of employable graduates. If we look at flaws in the system, we can see that the main reason for these failures could be attributed to: Government Monopoly Politics and Bureaucracy The system has become ineffective, inefficient, and irrelevant. BLUE OCEAN OF EDUCATION: Thus if we look at it, the education sector in our country is currently in the red ocean category, with all institutions trying to fit in the same mould. In order to create an uncontested space of equal opportunity and holistic learning, some of the factors in the ERRC grid that can be included is as follows: Eliminate: Examinations: Examinations are just a means of passing to move on to the next level. The knowledge gained is not effectively measurable by the level of examinations conducted. Rote Learning: Students also have difficulty applying the knowledge for practical use because the emphasis is to encourage memory work and discourage creativity and innovation. Reduce: Lectures: The method of conducting lectures in most institutions seems to be pretty outdated with the lectures mostly being one sided. The number of students in most of the classes is too hu ge and this leads to the lectures being a monologue rather than a dialogue between the teacher and the student. The lecture method also assumes that all students come with the same level of knowledge and understanding about the subject and have equal interest to know more about the same Raise: Curriculum focussed attuned to students’ interests: The curriculum taught in schools should be more upto date and relevant to what the students would like to learn rather than what the faculty is comfortable teaching. There should be different modes of learning, different teaching tools and techniques used. The curriculum should be inclusive rather than exclusive. It should cater to students with different learning capabilities and should also address both academic as well as non-academic student interests. The focus should be on practical approach as much as giving importance to sound theoretical background of subjects. The curricula should be flexible and cut across disciplines with e mphasis on learning through collaboration. Problem Solving and Decision Making are key parameters that should be inculcated in the curricula as well. Industry Relevance of Courses offered:

Organizational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Organizational Leadership - Essay Example This argument further leads us to the role of emotions in leading the organizations and how leadership, coping with the emotions, can carve out success for the organization on the competitive arena. This also important because of the fact that following shame and other emotions, leadership can effectively help organizations to the face the reality not about themselves but of their competition too. The argument regarding the shame within the organizational context is also important in the sense that shame has the tendency to motivate organizations to hide their vulnerabilities therefore making them weaker by avoiding truth about themselves. A good leader therefore needs to have the guts and the courage to face reality about the present circumstances of the organization which he or she is leading. The role of emotions and shame within the context of leadership therefore encompasses many different variables such as the role of the leader in organization and the personality of the leader and how the leadership can help achieve the realization for the organization to face the reality about itself. In order to explore the question of where does the leadership come from, it is necessary to understand the actual meaning and structure of leadership. In psychology the phenomenon of leadership has traditionally been associated with in-group dynamics of social interactions. In any group, regardless of its size, members differ in their degree of social influence over one another: " the person who exerts the most influence on the rest of the group thus affecting group beliefs and behaviour is usually addressed as leader" (Hollander, 1985: 14). This definition of leadership allows the reader to grasp the essence of leadership, but it is only one of the numerous of definitions that have been proposed in the literature. Thus, the second edition of The Handbook of Leadership by Bass lists more than 130 definitions of leadership (Bass, 1985: 12). Absence of agreement amongst the scholars is partially due to different methods employed to explore the phenomenon, partially due to the different objectives pursued by scholars who define leadership, and partially due to the variations in theoretical approaches. Thus, Bass (1985) specifies 13 major approaches: leadership as the focus of group processes, as personality attribute, as the art of inducing compliance, as an exercise of influence, as a particular kind of act or behaviour, as a form of persuasion, as a power relationship, as an instrument of goal achievement, as an emerging effect of group interaction ('leadership exists when it is acknowledged or conferred by other members of the group), as a differentiated role, as the initiation or maintenance of role structure, or as some combination of all these approaches (pp. 6-10). One of the earliest approaches to understanding leadership was to search for personality traits that caused some people and not others to become leaders. As a result, early definitions (beginning and first half of the 20th century) tended to view leadership as an innate personal quality of the leader, in line with such highly individual qualities as sense of humour, persistence, or piety. Following this tradition, researchers specified certain traits that made leaders. Some of these were

Increasing or restricting Andragogy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Increasing or restricting Andragogy - Essay Example First, there is the problem within the nomenclature itself, problematized by both the terms 'adult' and 'education' that constitute it. Secondly, there is the problem of dissociating the term from within a matrix of related, but at more fundamental level, different terms like 'continuous education' and 'andragogy'. What really adds to our problem in this respect is the fact that we have to approach this problem at a time when an unprecedented complexity within the social formation itself has rendered educational institutes and education, both in definition and practice, complex. Therefore, we have to take into account both the objective semantics of the term as well as try and locate it within a specific twentieth century educational context.The term 'adult education' is a comparatively new one, coined much after it was actually in practice. It is a result of many years of evolutions, and its meaning, even now is far from simple and monolithic. Even as early as in 1927, Hall-Quest co nceded the difficulties in defining the term. One of the biggest problems related to the definition of 'adult education' is, whether it refers to a set of methodologies by which 'adults' can be taught, or is it a holistic term that includes the general endeavor of educating adults in a specific way as well as a detailed study of government adaptation and subsequent implementation of policies that target the adults specifically as the subject of educational instruction. Theorists like Alan Rogers have defined adult education as a process 'whereby anyone over 16 (or whatever) are treated as adults - capable, experienced, responsible and balanced people'. Such a definition has two major problems; first 'adult education' becomes synonymous with 'andragogy' thus affecting the semantic rigor of the term. Secondly, values like capability, experience and responsibility are more often than not terms defined by culture and there is no platform or parameter that is universally agreed upon, whi ch makes the term can lacking in ethnographic rigor. It is therefore, important that we first clear the ethnographic tangle and then go on to arrive at a working definition of the term. Who is an 'adult' It is probably the first major question we have to answer before we get into any further exposition of the term. An adult can be defined in respect to age: affixing a cut-off age as in legal and administrative procedures. However, in all streams of study and human discipline this parameter is the least applied. There are various methods of measuring adulthood, which are not concrete and yet central to an understanding of the phenomena, across the world which can often differ, and at times even oppose one another. Adulthood, in the West, is often associated with the ideas of independence, to have one's own principles and perceptions on life and the ability to live up to it. It is integrally connected to question of self-sufficiency and living on one's own term - which by corollary, means an ability to satisfy one's own desires. In a num ber of Oriental cultures, Japan for example, this itself can be a mark of juvenile world-view and immaturity, because in that culture it is the ability to submerge one's own desires and to sacrifice them is what is counted as a true adult behavior. These dichotomies immediately place any ethnographic approach towards defining the term on slippery and problematic ground. Similarly there is little agreement

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) - Essay Example Several researches have been conducted to find out the success rate of LSVT in treating dysarthria. An article by Brad H Story et al analyzes the effect of LSVT on the vowel articulation of dysarthric patients. The research by Story et al clearly shows that dysarthric patients suffer from articulation of vowels in their daily lives. People suffering from Parkinsons Disease are most probable to go through from such a situation. Parkinsons Disease and its effects are emphasized upon in the research article. It has been seen that LSVT produces marked improvement in patients suffering from voice and speech problems due to the onset of Parkinsons Disease. Story et al tells that patients suffering from dysarthria because of Parkinsons show improvement on the long term when treated with LSVT because there is no external cueing in the therapy. Vocal loudness is a primary factor which helps these patients to improve upon their tone as put by Story. The research article by Story et al took pat ients suffering from Parkinsons disease who had problems in their speech and voice and gave them a therapy of LSVT to find out its effect on the vowel articulation. ... Both Michael et al and Story et al in their articles have put forward the effects of vocal loudness as used in LSVT on the patients who are suffering from Parkinsons. Michael et al in his article has emphasized on the patients suffering from hypokinetic dysarthria whereas Story et al in his article has emphasized upon the patients suffering from Parkinsons Disease specifically. The study carried out by Michael et al was only done on a single patient and requires research on other patients to confirm its results whereas the study carried out by Story et al was conducted on a large population to find out the effect of LSVT on the patients. Thus it can be said that Story et al has build up a strong base to prove its results whereas Michael et al in his article has given a platform for future research on hypokinetic dysarthric patients. Similarly the article by Story et al had also taken controls of patients suffering from Parkinson’s Disease to find out the exact results of LSVT whereas the research by Michael et al only took one individual in the whole research without having any controls. Another research carried out by Wenke et al has showed the effectiveness of LSVT when it comes to the treatment of dysarthric patients following TBI or stroke. A total of 10 individuals were taken into the research to find out the effect of LSVT. LSVT was performed according to its normal procedure and then a team was designated to find out the effect of LSVT on the patients. The long term effects of LSVT on the patients were positive enough to last for six months as found out by the team. This research article again proved to be a platform for further research to find out the effectiveness of LSVT. Similarly another